{"id":1254,"date":"2018-10-03T20:15:48","date_gmt":"2018-10-03T18:15:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/?page_id=1254"},"modified":"2021-09-19T12:44:35","modified_gmt":"2021-09-19T10:44:35","slug":"kakao","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/?page_id=1254","title":{"rendered":"Kakao"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Kakao.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1255\" src=\"http:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Kakao-174x300.jpg\" alt=\"Kakao\" width=\"174\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Kakao-174x300.jpg 174w, https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Kakao-593x1024.jpg 593w, https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Kakao.jpg 890w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 174px) 100vw, 174px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>Kakao war einst eine wertvolle Opfergabe an die G\u00f6tter und als stimulierendes Getr\u00e4nk dem Adel vorbehalten.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>In der Kolonialpolitik und im Handel spielte er eine zentrale Rolle.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>Nicht zuletzt ist Kakao ein wunderbares Genussmittel und mit seinen heilenden Wirkstoffen ein echter Jungbrunnen.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>Dieses Buch erz\u00e4hlt seine Geschichte und bietet eine Vielzahl gro\u00dfartiger Rezepte, von denen viele aus der Versuchsk\u00fcche der Autorin stammen.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Wer sich in das Thema vertiefen m\u00f6chte, findet hier eine<\/p>\n<p>Auswahl an weiterf\u00fchrender Literatur<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6sterreichisches Lebensmittelbuch, IV. Auflage, Codexkapitel B\u00a015: Kakao- und Schokoladeerzeugnisse, Lebensmittel mit Kakaoerzeugnissen oder Schokoladen. Ver\u00f6ffentlicht mit Erlass BMG-75210\/0014-II\/B\/13\/2010 vom 23.12.2010.<\/p>\n<p>Statistiken der Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/\">www.fao.org\/faostat\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Amponsah, S K et al. In Vitro Activity of Cocoa Powder Extracts on Some Biomarkers Implicated in P. falciparum Malaria Pathogenesis. <em>J Pharma Nut Sci<\/em> 5.1 (2015): 38-42.<\/p>\n<p>Anunciato T P et al. Carotenoids and Polyphenols in Nutricosmetics, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals. <em>J Cosmet Derm<\/em> 11.1 (2012): 51-54.<\/p>\n<p>Araujo, Q R De et al. Cocoa and Human Health: From Head to Foot\u2014A Review. <em>Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr<\/em> 56.1 (2016): 1-12.<\/p>\n<p>Aremu, C Y et al. Nutrient and Antinutrient Profiles of Raw and Fermented Cocoa Beans. <em>Plant Foods Human Nutr (Formerly Qualitas Plantarum)<\/em> 48.3 (1995): 217-223.<\/p>\n<p>Baba, S et al. Bioavailability of (-)-epicatechin Upon Intake of Chocolate and Cocoa in Human Volunteers. <em>Free Radical Res<\/em> 33.5 (2000): 635-641.<\/p>\n<p>Badiano, J. Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis. 1552. Codex Badianus<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e1ez, O L et al. Materiales de cacao de inter\u00e9s farmacol\u00f3gico (Theobroma cacao L.). ESPACIO I+D 5.11 (2016): 84-103.<\/p>\n<p>Bernaert, H et al. Industrial treatment of cocoa in chocolate production: health implications. <em>Chocolate and Health<\/em>. Springer Milan, 2012. 17-31.<\/p>\n<p>Blowfield.M. Ethical Supply Chains in the Cocoa, Coffee and Tea Industries. Greener Management International No. 43, Transforming International Product Chains into Channels of Sustainable Production: The Imperative of Sustainable Chain Management (Autumn 2003): 15-24 .<\/p>\n<p>Brillat-Savarin, J A. Physiologie du go\u00fbt, ou m\u00e9ditations de gastronomie transcendante. Sautelet, 1825. (Erstausgabe anonym).<\/p>\n<p>Buijsse, B et al. Cocoa Intake, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Zutphen Elderly Study. <em>Arch Intern Med<\/em> 166.4 (2006): 411-417.<\/p>\n<p>Burleigh, R. Chocolate: Riches from the rainforest. Abrams Publishers, 2002.<\/p>\n<p>Chauveau, J-P. Cocoa as Innovation: African Initiatives, Local Contexts and Agro-Ecological Conditions in the History of Cocoa Cultivation in West African Forest Lands (c. 1850-c. 1950). Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde 43 (1997): 121-142.<\/p>\n<p>Clark, A et al. Public and Private Institutional Responses to Advocacy Attacks: The Case of the Global Cocoa Industry and Child Labour Abuse.&#8220; <em>2011 Annual Meeting, July 24-26, 2011, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania<\/em>. No. 104726. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, 2011.<\/p>\n<p>Coe S et al. The True History of Chocolate. Thames &amp; Hudson, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>Cort\u00e9s, H. Letters from Mexico. Translated by A Pagden. Yale University Press, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>Crown, L. Pre-hispanic Use of Cocoa. <em>Chocolate in Health and Nutrition<\/em> (2012): 1.<\/p>\n<p>Dahiya, S et al. Lead, Cadmium and Nickel in Chocolates and Candies from Suburban Areas of Mumbai, India. <em>J Food Compos Analysis<\/em> 18.6 (2005): 517-522.<\/p>\n<p>Dillinger, T L et al. Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate. <em>J Nutr<\/em> 130.8 (2000): 2057S-2072S.<\/p>\n<p>Ding, E L et al. Chocolate and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: a Systematic Review. <em>Nutr Metab <\/em>1.3 (2006): 84-96.<\/p>\n<p>Drake, R et al. Effects of Chocolate Consumption on Enhancing Cognitive Performance. <em>Appetite<\/em> 49.1 (2007): 288.<\/p>\n<p>Dreiss, M L et al. Chocolate: Pathway to the Gods. University of Arizona Press, 2008.<\/p>\n<p>d\u00b4El-Rei, J et al. Characterization of Hypertensive Patients with Improved Endothelial Function after Dark Chocolate Consumption. <em>Int J Hypertens<\/em> (2013): 1-6.<\/p>\n<p>Fincke, H. Handbuch der Kakaoerzeugnisse. Springer-Verlag, 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Fisher, N DL et al. Aging and Vascular Responses to Flavanol-Rich Cocoa. <em>J Hypertens<\/em> 24.8 (2006): 1575-1580.<\/p>\n<p>Fowler, M S et al. Cocoa Beans: From Tree to Factory. <em>Beckett&#8217;s Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use<\/em> (2017): 9-49.<\/p>\n<p><em>Fraga, CGet al. Cocoa Flavanols: Effects on Vascular Nitric Oxide and Blood Pressure. J Clin Biochem Nutr 48.1 (2011):63-67.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Golomb, B A et al. Association between more frequent chocolate consumption and lower body mass index. <em>Arch Intern Med<\/em> 172.6 (2012): 519-521.<\/p>\n<p>Grivetti, L &amp; H-Y Shapiro (Hrsg.). Chocolate: History, Culture, and Heritage. John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2011.<\/p>\n<p>Guerra, F. Maya Medicine. <em>Med Hist<\/em> 8.1. (1964): 31-43.<\/p>\n<p>Guerra, F. Aztec Medicine. <em>Medical History<\/em> 10.4 (1966): 315-338.<\/p>\n<p>Hamed, M S et al. Dark Chocolate Effect on Platelet Activity, C-Reactive Protein and Lipid Profile: A Pilot Study. <em>South Med J<\/em> 101.12 (2008): 1203-1208.<\/p>\n<p>Heiss, C et al. Vascular Effects of Cocoa Rich in Flavan-3-ols. <em>Jama<\/em> 290.8 (2003): 1030-1031.<\/p>\n<p>Henderson, J S et al. Chemical and Archaeological Evidence for the Earliest Cacao Beverages. <em>Proc Nat Acad Sci<\/em> 104.48 (2007): 18937-18940.<\/p>\n<p>Herraiz, T. Tetrahydro-\u03b2-carbolines, Potential Neuroactive Alkaloids, in Chocolate and Cocoa. <em>J Agric Food Chem<\/em> 48.10 (2000): 4900-4904.<\/p>\n<p>Holst, B et al. Nutrients and Phytochemicals: From Bioavailability to Bioefficacy Beyond Antioxidants. <em>Curr Opinion Biotech<\/em> 19.2 (2008): 73-82.<\/p>\n<p>Hopkins, A G. An Economic History of West Africa. 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Hoskin, J C. Sensory Properties of Chocolate and Their Development. <em>Am J Clin Nutr<\/em> 60.6 (1994): 1068S-1070S.<\/p>\n<p>Hull, E M et al. Dopamine and Serotonin: Influences on Male Sexual Behavior. <em>Phys &amp; Behav<\/em> 83.2 (2004): 291-307.<\/p>\n<p>Hurst, W J. Cacao Chemistry. <em>Chocolate and Health<\/em>. 2015. 56-66.<\/p>\n<p>Hurst, W J. Chocolate as Medicine. <em>J Agr Food Chem<\/em> 63.45 (2015): 9899-9900.<\/p>\n<p>Ishaq, S et al. Biomedical Importance of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao): Significance and Potential for the Maintenance of Human Health. <em>Matrix Science Pharma<\/em> (MSP) 1.1 (2017): 1-5.<\/p>\n<p>Jahoda, M et al. Die Arbeitslosen von Marienthal: ein soziographischer Versuch \u00fcber die Wirkungen langandauernder Arbeitslosigkeit. Mit einem Anhang zur Geschichte der Soziographie. Verlag f\u00fcr Demoskopie 1960.<\/p>\n<p>Jang, S et al. Flavanol-Enriched Cocoa Powder Alters the Intestinal Microbiota, Tissue and Fluid Metabolite Profiles, and Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs. <em>J Nutrition<\/em> 146.4 (2016): 673-680.<\/p>\n<p>Janszky, I et al. Chocolate Consumption and Mortality Following a First Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program. <em>J Intern Med<\/em> 266.3 (2009): 248-257.<\/p>\n<p>Jenkins, T A et al. Influence of Tryptophan and Serotonin on Mood and Cognition with a Possible Role of the Gut-brainAaxis. <em>Nutrients<\/em> 8.1 (2016): 56.<\/p>\n<p>Kaufmann, T et al. The History of the Word for Cacao in Ancient Mesoamerica. <em>Ancient Mesoamerica<\/em> 18 (2007): 193-237.<\/p>\n<p>Keen, C L. Chocolate: Food as Medicine\/Medicine as Food. <em>J Am Coll Nutr<\/em> 20.sup5 (2001): 436S-439S.<\/p>\n<p>Kerr, J. History of Chocolate. Field Museum, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Kessel, W M J van. Merchants, Missionaries &amp; Migrants: 300 Years of Dutch-Ghanaian Relations. KIT Publishers, 2002.<\/p>\n<p>Kilham, C. Psyche Delicacies: Coffee, Chocolate, Chiles, Kava, and Cannabis, and Why They&#8217;re Good for You. Rodale, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>Kim, D-Y et al. Serotonin: A Mediator of the Brain-gut Connection. <em>Am J Gastroent<\/em> 95.10 (2000): 2698-2709.<\/p>\n<p>Kim, J et al. Cocoa Phytochemicals: Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms on Health. <em>Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr<\/em> 54.11 (2014): 1458-1472.<\/p>\n<p>Kufer, J et al. Cacao in Eastern Guatemala \u2013 A Sacred Tree with Ecological Significance. <em>Environ Dev Sustain<\/em> 8 (2006): 597-608.<\/p>\n<p>Lamport, D et al. The Effect of Flavanol-rich Cocoa on Cerebral Perfusion in Healthy Older Adults During Conscious Resting State: A Placebo Controlled, Crossover, Acute Trial. <em>Psychpharm<\/em> 232.17 (2015): 3227-3234.<\/p>\n<p>Latif, R. Chocolate\/Cocoa and Human Health: A Review. <em>Neth J Med<\/em> 71.2 (2013): 63-68.<\/p>\n<p>LeDoux, M S. Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Parkinson\u2019s Disease. In: R F Pfeiffer et al (Hrsg.): Prakinsons\u00b4sDisease CRC Press, 2012: 91-108.<\/p>\n<p>Lee, C K et al. Determination of Cadmium, Lead, Copper and Arsenic in Raw Cocoa, Semifinished and Finished Chocolate Products. <em>Pertanika<\/em> 8.2 (1985): 243-248.<\/p>\n<p>Leiter J et al. Trinidad, Brazil and Ghana: Three Melting moments in the History of Cocoa. Journal of Rural Studies 20 (2014): 123-130.<\/p>\n<p>Li, Z et al. Essential Roles of Enteric Neuronal Serotonin in Gastrointestinal Motility and the Development\/Survival of Enteric Dopaminergic Neurons. <em>J Neurosci<\/em> 31.24 (2011): 8998-9009.<\/p>\n<p>Lieberei R et al. Nutzpflanzenkunde. 7. Auflage, Thieme, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Lima, L JR, et al. Theobroma cacao L., \u203aThe food of the Gods\u2039: Quality Determinants of Commercial Cocoa Beans, with Particular Reference to the Impact of Fermentation. <em>Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr<\/em> 51.8 (2011): 731-761.<\/p>\n<p>Lin, X et al. Cocoa Flavanol Intake and Biomarkers for Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. <em>J Nutr<\/em> 146.11 (2016): 2325-2333.<\/p>\n<p>Lippi, D. Chocolate and Medicine: Dangerous Liaisons? <em>Nutrition<\/em> 25 (2009). 1100-1103.<\/p>\n<p>Lippi, D. Chocolate in History: Food, Medicine, Medi-Food. Nutrients 5 (2013): 1573-1584.<\/p>\n<p>Mabberley, DJ. Mabberley\u00b4s Plant Book. 3. Auflage, Cambridge Universitiy Press, 2008.<\/p>\n<p>Macht, M et al. Immediate Effects of Chocolate on Experimentally Induced Mood States. <em>Appetite<\/em> 49.3 (2007): 667-674.<\/p>\n<p>Macready, A L et al. Flavonoids and Cognitive Function: A Review of Human Randomized Controlled Trial Studies and Recommendations for Future Studies. <em>Genes &amp; Nutrition<\/em> 4.4 (2009): 227-242.<\/p>\n<p>Magrone, T et al. Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Polyphenols: From Biology to Clinical Applications. <em>Front Immunol<\/em> 8 (2017): 677.<\/p>\n<p>Mann, J J. Role of the Serotonergic System in the Pathogenesis of Major Depression and Suicidal Behavior. <em>Neuropsychpharmacol<\/em> 21.2 (1999): 99S-105S.<\/p>\n<p>Mao, T K et al. Effect of Cocoa Flavanols and Their Related Oligomers on the Secretion of Interleukin-5 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. <em>J Med Food<\/em> 5.1 (2002): 17-22.<\/p>\n<p>Marrad\u00f3n, B. Di\u00e1logo del uso de tobacco yde chocolate y otras bebidas. Sevilla 1618. Das einzig bekannte Exemplar befindet sic him Vatikan. Eine franz\u00f6sische \u00dcbersetzung bietet: P S Dufour: Dialogue du Chocolat in <em>Traitez nouveaux et curieux du caf\u00e9, du th\u00e9 et du chocolat<\/em>. Lyon 1685: 423-445.<\/p>\n<p>Martin, S. Cacao in Ancient Maya Religion. In: <em>Cameron L. McNeil<\/em> (Hrsg.). <em>Chocolate in Mesoamerica: A Cultural History of Caca, <\/em>(2006): 154-183.<\/p>\n<p>Massee, L A et al. The Acute and Sub-chronic Effects of Cocoa Flavanols on Mood, Cognitive and Cardiovascular Health in Young Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. <em>Front Pharmacol<\/em> 6 (2015), Article 93: 1-14.<\/p>\n<p>Medeiros, F. Characterisation of Hypertensive Patients with Improved Endothelial Function After Dark Chocolate Consumption. <em>Int J Hypertens<\/em> (2013): 1-7.<\/p>\n<p>Mellor, D D et al. High\u2010cocoa Polyphenol\u2010rich Chocolate Improves HDL-cholesterol in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. <em>Diab Med<\/em> 27.11 (2010): 1318-1321.<\/p>\n<p>Melzig, M F, et al. In Vitro Pharmacological Activity of the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Salsolinol Present in Products from Theobroma cacao L. Like Cocoa and Chocolate. <em>J Ethnopharm<\/em> 73.1 (2000): 153-159.<\/p>\n<p>Michener, W et al. Pharmacological Versus Sensory Factors in the Satiation of Chocolate Craving. <em>Phys &amp; Behav<\/em> 56.3 (1994): 419-422.<\/p>\n<p>Millon, R F. When Money Grew on Trees. A Study of Cacao in Ancient Mesoamerica. Doctoral Dissertation. Department of Anthropology. Columbia University, 1955.<\/p>\n<p>Minchen, L. Raw Cacao: Powerful Antioxidant and Disease Fighter. June 23, 2016.<\/p>\n<p>Minifie, B. Chocolate, Cocoa and Confectionery: Science and Technology. Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2012.<\/p>\n<p>Mounicou, S et al. Concentrations and Bioavailability of Cadmium and Lead in Cocoa Powder and Related Products. <em>Food Add &amp; Contamin<\/em> 20.4 (2003): 343-352.<\/p>\n<p>Monti, J M et al. The Roles of Dopamine and Serotonin, and of their Receptors, in Regulating Sleep and Waking. <em>Prog Brain Res<\/em> 172 (2008): 625-646.<\/p>\n<p>Morris, K et al. Chocolate, Brain Metabolism, and Mood. <em>Karger Gazette<\/em> (2005): 5-7.<\/p>\n<p>Myers, R D. Serotonin and Thermoregulation: Old and New Views. <em>J Physiol<\/em> 77.2-3 (1981): 505-513.<\/p>\n<p>Nabavi, F et al. Anti-oxidative Polyphenolic Compounds of Cocoa. <em>Curr Pharm Biotech <\/em>16.10 (2015): 891-901.<\/p>\n<p>Nehlig, A. The Neuroprotective Effects of Cocoa Flavanol and its Influence on Cognitive Performance. <em>Brit Journal Clin Pharm<\/em> 75.3 (2013): 716-727.<\/p>\n<p>Norton, M. Tasting Empire: Chocolate and the European Internalization of Mesoamerican Aesthetics. <em>Am Hist Rev<\/em> 111.3 (2006): 660-669.<\/p>\n<p>O\u2019Mahony, S M et al. Maternal Separation as a Model of Brain-gut Axis Dysfunction. <em>Psychopharm<\/em> 214.1 (2011): 71-88.<\/p>\n<p>O\u00b4Neil M E. Ancient Maya Sculptures of Tikal. <em>RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics<\/em> 55\/56 (2009): 119-134.<\/p>\n<p>Othman, A et al. Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content of Cocoa Beans. <em>Food Chem<\/em> 100.4 (2007): 1523-1530.<\/p>\n<p>Owusu, S K. Identification of the Critical Points for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination Along the Cocoa Processing and Storage Chain in Ghana. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Eengineering. Diss. 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Park, H\u2010J et al. Association of Obesity with Serum Leptin, Adiponectin, and Serotonin and Gut Microflora in Beagle Dogs. <em>J Vet Internal Med<\/em> 29.1 (2015): 43-50.<\/p>\n<p>Paternotte, S et al. Chocolate in Some French Pharmaceutical or Medicinal Books from the XVIIth, XVIIIth and XIXth Centuries. Its Beneficent and Inconvenient, Proved or Imaginary Effects. <em>Rev Hist Pharm<\/em> 51.338 (2002): 197-210.<\/p>\n<p>Pech, J. The Chocolate Therapist. Remedies for a World of Ailments. Traford 2005.<\/p>\n<p>Powis, T. An Archaeological Investigation of the Origin of Cacao Drinking: The Ceramic Evidence from the Gulf Coast and the Pacific Coast of Mexico. FAMSI, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Preedy, V R et al. <em>Chocolate in health and nutrition<\/em>. Ed. Ronald Ross Watson. London, UK: Humana Press, 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Pucciarelli, D L. Chocolate as Medicine. <em>Chocolate: History, Culture, and Heritage<\/em> (2008): 115-126.<\/p>\n<p>Pucciarelli, D L et al. The Medicinal Use of Chocolate in Early North America. <em>Molec Nutr &amp; Food Res<\/em> 52.10 (2008): 1215-1227.<\/p>\n<p>Rankin, C W et al. Lead Contamination in Cocoa and Cocoa Products: Isotopic Evidence of Global Contamination. <em>Envir Health Perspect<\/em> 113.10 (2005): 1344.<\/p>\n<p>Rasyid, H N et al. The Efficacy of Flavonoid Antioxidant from Chocolate Bean Extract: Prevention of Myocyte Damage Caused by Reperfusion Injury in Predominantly Anaerobic Sports. <em>Malays Orth J<\/em> 6.3 (2012): 3.<\/p>\n<p>Rein, D et al. Chocolate: Modern Science Investigates an Ancient Medicine. Cocoa and Wine Polyphenols Modulate Platelet Activation and Function. <em>J Nutr<\/em> 130 (2000): 2120S-2126S.<\/p>\n<p>Rendeiro, C et al. The Mechanisms of Action of Flavonoids in the Brain: Direct Versus Indirect Effects. <em>Neurochem Int<\/em> 89 (2015): 126-139.<\/p>\n<p>Rose, N et al. Mood Food: Chocolate and Depressive Symptoms in a Cross-sectional Analysis. <em>Arch Intern Med<\/em> 170.8 (2010): 699-703.<\/p>\n<p>Sahag\u00fan, B de. La Historia Universal de las Cosas de Nueva Espa\u00f1a. 1590. Codex Florentinus<\/p>\n<p>Sansone, R et al. Cocoa Flavanol Intake Improves Endothelial function and Framingham Risk Score in Healthy Men and Women: A Randomised, Controlled, Double-masked Trial: The Flaviola Health Study. <em>Brit J Nutr<\/em> 114.8 (2015): 1246-1255.<\/p>\n<p>Sarri\u00e1, B et al. Effects of Bioactive Constituents in Functional Cocoa Products on Cardiovascular Health in Humans. <em>Food Chem<\/em> 174 (2015): 214-218.<\/p>\n<p>Scapagnini, G et al. Cocoa Bioactive Compounds: Significance and Potential for the Maintenance of Skin Health. <em>Nutrients<\/em> 6.8 (2014): 3202-3213.<\/p>\n<p>Schrage, E J et al. The Cocoa Industry and Child Labour. Journal of Corporate Citizenship 18 (2005): 99-112.<\/p>\n<p>Schramm, D D et al. Chocolate procyanidins decrease the leukotriene-prostacyclin ratio in humans and human aortic endothelial cells. <em>Am J Clin Nutr<\/em> 73.1 (2001): 36-40.<\/p>\n<p>Serafini M et al. Functional Foods for Health: The Interrelated Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs, Spices and Cocoa in Humans. <em>Curr Pharm Design<\/em> 22.44 (2016): 6701-6715.<\/p>\n<p>Silva, N R. Chocolate Consumption and Effects on Serotonin Synthesis. <em>Arch Intern Med<\/em> 170.17 (2010): 1608-1609.<\/p>\n<p>Smit, H J. Theobromine and the Pharmacology of Cocoa. <em>Methylxanthines<\/em>. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. 201-234.<\/p>\n<p>Spencer, J PE. Beyond Antioxidants: The Cellular and Molecular Interactions of Flavonoids and How these Underpin their Actions on the Brain. <em>Proc Nutr Soc<\/em> 69.2 (2010): 244-260.<\/p>\n<p>Spencer, J PE. Flavonoids and Brain Health: Multiple Effects Underpinned by Common Mechanisms. <em>Genes &amp; Nutrition<\/em> 4.4 (2009): 243-250.<\/p>\n<p>Spencer, J PE et al. Decomposition of Cocoa Procyanidins in the Gastric Milieu. <em>Biochem Biophys Res Comm<\/em> 272.1 (2000): 236-241.<\/p>\n<p>Squicciarini, M P et al. The Economics of Chocolate. Oxford University Press, 2016.<\/p>\n<p>Steinberg, F M et al. Cocoa and Chocolate Flavonoids: Implications for Cardiovascular Health. <em>J Am Dietetic Ass<\/em> 103.2 (2003): 215-223.<\/p>\n<p>Stephens J L. Incidents of Travel in Yucatan. New York: Harper&amp; Brothers, 1843.<\/p>\n<p>Stubbe, H. The Indian Nectar, or, a Discourse Concerning Cocolate: The Nature of the Cacao-nut and the Other Ingredients of that Composition is Examined and Stated According to the Judgment and Experience of Indian and Spanish Writers. JC for Andrew Crook, 1662.<\/p>\n<p>Taubert, D et al. Effect of Cocoa and Tea Intake on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis. <em>Arch Int Med<\/em> 167.7 (2007): 626-634.<\/p>\n<p>Terrio, S J. Crafting the Culture and History of French Chocolate. University of California Press, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>Tokede, O A. Effects of Cocoa Products\/Dark Chocolate on Serum Lipids: A Meta-Analysis. <em>Eur J Clin Nutr<\/em> 65.8 (2011): 879.<\/p>\n<p>Underwood, E. Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition. Elsevier, 2012.<\/p>\n<p>Vail, G. Cacao Use in Yucat\u00e1n Among the Pre-hispanic Maya. In: Grivetti, L E and H-Y Shapiro (Hrsg.). Chocolate: History, Culture, and Heritage. John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2009.<\/p>\n<p>Vollmer, G. \u00dcber den Wechselkurs von Cacaobohnen und den Preis der Schokolade. Ein mexikanisches Problem. In: B\u00f6ttcher\/Hausberger (Hrsg.): Dinero y negocios en la historia de Am\u00e9rica Latina. Frankfurt\/M. 2000, 59\u201384.<\/p>\n<p>Wadsworth, J. Chocolate; or an Indian Drinke. London: JG for John Dakins, 1652. Erstausgabe: A Curious History of the Nature and Quality of Chocolate. London, 1640.<\/p>\n<p>Williams, R J et al. Flavonoids, Cognition, and Dementia: Actions, Mechanisms, and Potential Therapeutic Utility for Alzheimer Disease. <em>Free Rad Biol Med<\/em> 52.1 (2012): 35-45.<\/p>\n<p>Wilson, P K and W J Hurst, eds. <em>Chocolate and Health: Chemistry, Nutrition and Therapy<\/em>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015.<\/p>\n<p>Wilson, P K. Chocolate in Science, Nutrition and Therapy: A Historical Perspective. (2015): 1-27.<\/p>\n<p>Wollgast, J et al. Review on Polyphenols in Theobroma cacao: Changes in Composition During the Manufacture of Chocolate and Methodology for Identification and Quantification. <em>Food Res Int<\/em> 33.6 (2000): 423-447.<\/p>\n<p>World Cocoa Foundation. Cocoa Market Update. 2014. (Access: www.WorldCocoa.org).<\/p>\n<p>Ziegleder, G et al. Analysis of Cocoa Flavour Components and Flavour Precursors. <em>An Nonalc Bev<\/em>. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. 321-393.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kakao war einst eine wertvolle Opfergabe an die G\u00f6tter und als stimulierendes Getr\u00e4nk dem Adel vorbehalten. In der Kolonialpolitik und im Handel spielte er eine zentrale Rolle. Nicht zuletzt ist Kakao ein wunderbares Genussmittel und mit seinen heilenden Wirkstoffen ein &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/?page_id=1254\">Weiterlesen <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":87,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1254"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1254"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1430,"href":"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1254\/revisions\/1430"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/87"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/margot-fischer.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}